European Union: the Three Pincer Effects on Population Dynamics

The European Union is a geopolitical entity, which, since the departure of the United Kingdom, has been made up of 27 nations. In demographic terms, it ranks third in the world behind India and China, the two nations that count their populations in billions, but ahead of the USA. EU27 is as complex demo-graphically as it is territorially, and this can be seen in three pairs of demographic indicators that are evolving along diverging lines: they produce three “demographic pincer effects” [1] that explain the population’s very specific dynamics.